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Z-index and Visual Layers: Managing Depth Hierarchy

May 5, 2025 1 min read 6 People Read

Z-index is a powerful feature that allows us to manage visual layers in user interfaces. When used correctly, it creates a logical depth hierarchy.

Core principles for z-index management:

  • Establish a baseline z-index value (e.g., 100)
  • Use fixed increments (e.g., +10)
  • Create layer groups (basic UI, overlays, modals)
  • Avoid unnecessary z-index usage
  • Establish a global z-index management system

Typical z-index hierarchy:

  • Main content: 0-99
  • Fixed header/footer: 100-199
  • Dropdown menus: 200-299
  • Popup/tooltips: 300-399
  • Modal windows: 400-499
  • Notifications: 500-599
  • Critical messages: 600+

In complex applications, z-index management requires understanding stacking context rules.

Well-organized z-index makes the user experience more predictable.